@article{info:hdl:2013/315240,

title = {Timing Uncertainty in Collective Risk Dilemmas Encourages Group Reciprocation and Polarization},

author = {Elias Fernández Domingos and Jelena Gruji{'c} and Juan J C Burguillo and Georg Kirchsteiger and Francisco C Santos and Tom Lenaerts},

url = {https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315240/1/doi_298884.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {iScience},

volume = {23},

number = {12},

abstract = {Social dilemmas are often shaped by actions involving uncertain returns only achievable in the future, such as climate action or voluntary vaccination. In this context, uncertainty may produce non-trivial effects. Here, we assess experimentally --- through a collective risk dilemma --- the effect of timing uncertainty, i.e. how uncertainty about when a target needs to be reached affects the participants' behaviors. We show that timing uncertainty prompts not only early generosity but also polarized outcomes, where participants' total contributions are distributed unevenly. Furthermore, analyzing participants' behavior under timing uncertainty reveals an increase in reciprocal strategies. A data-driven game-theoretical model captures the self-organizing dynamics underpinning these behavioral patterns. Timing uncertainty thus casts a shadow on the future that leads participants to respond early, whereas reciprocal strategies appear to be important for group success. Yet, the same uncertainty also leads to inequity and polarization, requiring the inclusion of new incentives handling these societal issues.},

note = {DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101752},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{info:hdl:2013/313051,

title = {Do people imitate when making decisions? Evidence from a spatial Prisoner's Dilemma experiment: Do people imitate when making decisions},

author = {Jelena Gruji{'c} and Tom Lenaerts},

url = {https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/313051/3/rsos.200618.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Royal Society open science},

volume = {7},

number = {7},

abstract = {How do people decide which action to take? This question is best answered using Game Theory, which has proposed a series of decision-making mechanisms that people potentially use. In network simulations, wherein games are repeated and pay-off differences can be observed, those mechanisms often rely on imitation of successful behaviour. Surprisingly, little to no evidence has been provided about whether people actually imitate more successful opponents when altering their actions in that context. By comparing two experimental treatments wherein participants play the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game in a lattice, we aim to answer whether more successful actions are imitated. While in the first treatment, participants have the possibility to use pay-off differences in making their decision, the second treatment hinders such imitation as no information about the gains is provided. If imitation of the more successful plays a role then there should be a difference in how players switch from cooperation to defection between both treatments. Although, cooperation and pay-off levels do not appear to be significantly different between both treatments, detailed analysis shows that there are behavioural differences: when confronted with a more successful co-player, the focal player will imitate her behaviour as the switching is related to the experienced pay-off inequality.},

note = {DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200618},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{info:hdl:2013/312667,

title = {Infiltrative tumour growth pattern correlates with poor outcome in oesophageal cancer.},

author = {Ma{"e}lle Anciaux and Pieter Demetter and Roland De Wind and Maria Gomez Galdon and Sylvie Vande Velde and Gaspard Lens and Ligia Craciun and Amélie Deleruelle and Denis Larsimont and Tom Lenaerts and Francesco Sclafani and Amélie Deleporte and Vincent Donckier and Alain Hendlisz and Caroline Vandeputte},

url = {https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/312667/1/doi_296311.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {BMJ open gastroenterology},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

abstract = {Oesophageal cancer (OEC) is an aggressive disease with a poor survival rate. Prognostic markers are thus urgently needed. Due to the demonstrated prognostic value of histopathological growth pattern (HGP) in other cancers, we performed a retrospective assessment of HGP in patients suffering from invasive OEC.},

note = {DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000431},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{info:hdl:2013/308993,

title = {Dynamic contact networks of patients and MRSA spread in hospitals},

author = {Luis Mateus Rocha and Vikramjit Singh and Markus Esch and Tom Lenaerts and Fredrik Liljeros and Anna Thorson},

url = {https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/308993/1/doi_292637.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

abstract = {Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a difficult-to-treat infection. Increasing efforts have been taken to mitigate the epidemics and to avoid potential outbreaks in low endemic settings. Understanding the population dynamics of MRSA is essential to identify the causal mechanisms driving the epidemics and to generalise conclusions to different contexts. Previous studies neglected the temporal structure of contacts between patients and assumed homogeneous behaviour. We developed a high-resolution data-driven contact network model of interactions between 743,182 patients in 485 hospitals during 3,059 days to reproduce the exact contact sequences of the hospital population. Our model captures the exact spatial and temporal human contact behaviour and the dynamics of referrals within and between wards and hospitals at a large scale, revealing highly heterogeneous contact and mobility patterns of individual patients. A simulation exercise of epidemic spread shows that heterogeneous contacts cause the emergence of super-spreader patients, slower than exponential polynomial growth of the prevalence, and fast epidemic spread between wards and hospitals. In our simulated scenarios, screening upon hospital admittance is potentially more effective than reducing infection probability to reduce the final outbreak size. Our findings are useful to understand not only MRSA spread but also other hospital-acquired infections.},

note = {DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66270-9},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}